Timelines

• 1824 - 08/24 - Lafayette, the "guest of the nation" arrives in New York City for a grand tour.
• 1825 - 02/09 - The election, in the House of Representatives, of John Quincy Adams as president.
• 1826 -07/04:
• 50th Anniversary of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on that day.
• - Robert Owen, in New Harmony, gave a speech he called his "Declaration of Mental Independence".
• 1827 -
• Early Railroad activity
• 07/02 - Thomas Cooper gave the speech in which he used the phrase "calculate the value of the union".
• 10/01 - Sam Houston inaugurated governor of TN.
• 1828 -
• 01/30 - The S.Carolina legislature chartered the S.C. Railroad, from Hamburg to Charleston. Work was begun in 1830 and completed 1833.
• March - [Date Unknown] - A county convention at Le Roy NY "inaugurated the anti-Masonic movement".
• 05/15 Passage of the bill commonly called the Tariff of Abominations.
• 07/04 - Cornerstone for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad headquarters is laid.
• November - Andrew Jackson elected president
• 1829 -
• 01/19 - Andrew Jackson left for Washington to assume the presidency.
• 03/04 - Andrew Jackson's Inaugural address.
• 03/11 - Ralph Waldo Emerson ordained a Congregational (Unitarian) minister.
• 04/01 - The American ship Sachem left Bangkok carrying the "Siamese Twins", Chang and Eng, to Boston.
• 04/16 - Sam Houston resigns as governor of Tennessee, in the ugly aftermath of the breakup of his marriage.
• 05/14 - Angelina Grimke (future Quaker abolitionist and women's rights advocate) is summoned to a Presbyterian church trial for  "A neglect of ... ordinance of the Lord's supper ... [and of] the means of grace ...
• 07/04 - James Henry Hammond, at 25, at the Columbia Presbyterian Church: "[men had begun] to question the value of the American Union ... Patience under usurpation is a word for slaves."
• 07/30 - Frances Wright spoke in Boston to a full house on this and several succeeding nights. Lyman Beecher wrote, in Lectures on Political Atheism, that "regrettably she won over the educated, refined women ... and worst of all, women who had been friends to his own children."
• 08/22 - Anti black rioting in Cincinnati, OH reached a peak on this weekend, with white attacks on the slum "Bucktown". This rioting helped to drive half of the black population out of the city
• 09/01- Ad in the Boston Daily Courier: "GREAT NATURAL CURIOSITY Last Week of the Exhibition of the Siamese Double Boys .... the Forenoons of Thursday, Friday and Saturday next, will be devoted to the reception of Ladies, from 9 to 1..." (Source: The Two, p60)
• 09/10 At 7:00 pm, a meeting of Jackson's cabinet is called, with Rev. John Campbell invited, for the purpose of debating Peggy Eaton's chastity. Jackson shouts "She is as chaste as a virgin!".
• 10/19 - Charles Grandison Finney arrive in New York where he preached temporarily, helping build up the "Union Church"
• 11/13 William Lloyd Garrison writes the first of two articles in The Genius of Universal Emancipation excoriating Francis Todd for slave trafficking. This led to his jailing for "slander". In the follow-up article, he wrote "[slave traffickers] are the enemies of their own species -- highway robbers and murders; and their final doom will be,... to occupy the lowest depths of perdition."
• 12/07 - President Jackson's first address to Congress spoke of "setting apart an ample district west of the Mississippi, .. guaranteed to the Indian tribes as long as they shall occupy it"; and he called the Bank of the United States a failure at the very thing it had done really well, establishing uniform and sound currency.
• 12/12 - The Mayor of Savannah, GA, wrote to Mayor Harrison Gray Otis of Boston, protesting against David Walker's Appeal, seeking punishment of the author.
• 12/16 - Harriet Beecher Stowe, working for her sister Catharine at her Hartford Female Seminary, and being caught up in efforts there to bring about revivals, writes "This morning I delivered a long speech on 'modes of exerting moral influence'".
• 1830 -
• 01/01 - In Baltimore, a large fashionable party, including William Wirt, rode a carriage pulled by one horse on the new railroad as far as the Carrollton Viaduct at a speed of 15 miles per hour
• 01/07 - The new railroad from Baltimore, as far as Carrollton, became the first railroad open for public transportation.
• 01/12 - Sam Houston arrived in Washington as an ambassador of the Cherokee Nation. While there, he "often appeared in buckskin leggings, moccasins, and a brilliant Indian hunting shirt, with his head wrapped in the distinctive Cherokee turban.
• 01/15 - William Lloyd Garrison "We have had this pamphlet on our table for some time past [David Walker's Appeal]. It is written by a colored Bostonian, and breathes the most impassioned and determined spirit. We ... cannot but wonder at the bravery and intelligence of its author.
• 01/19 - Robert Hayne's speech in the Senate supports complaints that "The East" keeps public land prices high to restrain the west's growth. He then shifts to southern complaints, claiming "[we stand] towards the U.S. in the relation of Ireland to England".
• 01/20 - Daniel Webster gives his first "Reply to Hayne". He counters complaints about the unfairness of land prices; gives arguments why "the [north]east" is a better friend of the west than is the south[east].
• 01/21 - Hayne's 2nd Speech - Just as Webster could have wished, defends slavery, fear of a strong union, and the nullification doctrine.
• 01/26 - Webster's second "Reply to Hayne". Webster focuses his attack on slavery, fear of a strong union, and the nullification doctrine, having having set Hayne up as the defender of all three doctrines.
• 01/29 -
• The first issue of the Southern Times came out in Columbia, SC, with James Henry Hammond writing: "We are opposed to internal improvements. We are opposed to the Tariff in every shape, and upon every ground.
• Congressman David Crockett's committee introduced its bill giving squatters on the public lands, the right to purchase, cheaply, land they had improved.
• 02/10 - Boston mayor Harrison Gray Otis refuses southern requests to arrest David Walker.
• 02/19 - "The Grand Jurors ... for the..city of Baltimore, [charge] that Benjamin Lundy and William Lloyd Garrison did ... publish a gross and malicious libel against Francis Todd and Nicholas Brown."
• 03/? - Frances Trollope set out for the east to round out her credentials as a travel writer in America, after her disastrous failure as an entrepreneur in Cincinnati.
• 03/01 - Thomas Lincoln's family, including Abraham, just turned 21, set out from Indiana to settle in central Illinois.
• 03/03 Ralph Waldo Emerson in journal: "Read with admiration and delight Mr. Webster's noble speech in answer to Hayne.
• 03/05 - William Lloyd Garrison: "The circulation of [David Walker's Appeal] has proven one thing conclusively -- that the boasted security of the slave States ... is mere affectation, or something worse".
• 04/13 - Jefferson day "battle of the toasts" at  Indian Queen Hotel, Washington.

Jackson: "Our Federal Union: It must be preserved."
Calhoun: "The Union: Next to our liberty most dear.."
• 04/17 - William Lloyd Garrison entered the Baltimore Jail "amid shouts of 'Fresh fish! fresh fish!' from the prisoners ...".
• 05/03 - Congressman Crockett's committee's bill to relieve squatters on the public lands (See 12/22/29, 1/29/30) was tabled 90-69.
• 05/07 - Thomas Hart Benton's bill to lower land prices (as argued in and around the Hayne-Webster debate) passed the Senate 24-22.
• 05/15 - Frances Wright responds in the Free Enquirer to the attacks of Dr. William Gibbons, claming ... [her] followers advocated promiscuous, if licensed, concubinage".
• 05/24 - By 102-97, Congress approved the Indian Removal bill. Congressman Crockett, along with many north easterners, had spoken strenuously against it. Crockett's speech was "inexplicably left out of the Register of Debates"
• 05/25 - John C. Calhoun wrote Andrew Jackson a 52 page letter which marked a new level of estrangement between the two men.
• 05/27 - Andrew Jackson wrote the veto message on the Maysville Road bill.
• 05/29 - Arthur Tappan wrote to Benjamin Lundy offering $100 to free Wm. Lloyd Garrison and revive Lundy and Garrison's abolitionist newspaper.
• 05/30 - Andrew Jackson responds to Calhoun's letter of 5/25: "... until now, never expected to have the occasion to say to you ... Et tu Brute".
• 07/01 - A "giant meeting" in Charleston, SC welcomes Robert Y. Hayne and ... home from the Senate. It is "distinctly understood that those who go to the dinner declare themselves in favour of [nullification, in effect]."
• 07/19 - A "shy Quaker boy", John G. Whittier follows "debonair, aggressive"  George Prentice at the powerful, Whiggish New England Weekly Review.
• 07/28 - Andrew Jackson comes to Franklin, TN, home of John Eaton, where he sees, for a change, the greatest courtesies being extended to Peggy Eaton (which Jackson could not even obtain in his own household).
• 08/13 - Congressman Warren Davis, on the nullification "solution" to the tariff: "An oppressive and tyrannical law, that is driving almost to madness a generous, patriotic and highminded people, would be seen to be annulled,... and made harmless by the quiet and peaceful intervention of 'trial by jury'."
• 08/23 - Andrew Jackson confronts a Chickasaw Indian delegation in Franklin, TN giving them an ultimatum to move to new territories across the Mississippi.
• 08/28 - The first American built locomotive - Peter Cooper's "Tom Thumb" was given a trial run between Baltimore and Ellicott Mills, 13 miles away.
• 08/30 - Chickasaw Indian Chiefs sign agreement to give up their homes and move across the Mississippi. See 8/23.
• 09/?? - The first fatal accident on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.
• 09/10 - Charles Grandison Finney begins half a year of ministering in Rochester and other parts of Western New York.
• Sec. of War John Eaton, and other officials meet with Choctaw chiefs and headmen to pressure them to sign over their territory and move across the Mississippi River. (see 8/23, 8/30).
• 09/27 - Choctaw Indian chiefs, with the help of some bribery, sign treaty to move across the Mississippi.
• 10/15 - W.L. Garrison gave an antislavery lecture at the Freethinkers' Society in Boston (no church would have him). Present were Lyman Beecher (disapproving), and Unitarian ministers Samuel Sewall and Samuel J. May (highly approving).
• 10/31 - Alexis de Toqueville and Gustave de Beaumont, ..., apply to go on a mission to America to study prison reforms.
• 11/26 - In New York, a large celebration in honor of the dethronement of Charles X of France.
• 12/06 - 2nd session, 21st Congress convenes. John Randolph, in Europe, writes, "I pray God to send us, the people, a safe deliverance", and regarding the recent tumult in Europe: "...A great discovery has been made on the Continent, far surpassing any of Archimedes or Newton. The people have discovered the secret of their strength; and the military have found out that they are the people..."
• 12/07- Jackson gave his annual message to Congress, arguing the right to use the veto at will.

  On the same day, the Washington Globe first appeared, the new Jackson mouthpiece, published by Francis Blair, replacing the Calhoun loyal Telegraph.
• 12/16 Abraham Lincoln, age 21, helped set the value of a stray mare.
• 1831 -
• 01/01 - First issue of William Lloyd Garrison's Liberator published.
• 01/31 - Congress David Crockett, started a fight in Congress over which committee would receive a petition by three Cherokee for 640 acre land tracts.
• 02/08 Andrew Jackson to Robert Y. Hayne: "assert that a state may declare acts passed by congress inoperative and void, and revolution [must follow]"
• 02/11 - Edward Everett: "The city is all agog about the controversy between Mr. Calhoun & Van Buren. The rupture is supposed to be impending. ... it was said that a very angry pamphlet is to be published by Calhoun in a day or two".
• 02/13 - Rep. Crockett to a constituent: "Thare will be an explosion take place this week that will Tare their party into sunder Mr. Calhoun is coming out with a circular or a publication of the correspondence between him & the President that will blow their little Red Fox or aleaus Martin van buren into atoms.".
• 1832 - Jackson reelected; partly a referendum on Bank of U.S; SC elects a pro nullification slate.
• 1833 - Nullification crisis reaches a head and subsides.